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William Henry Furness III (August 10, 1866 - August 11, 1920) was an American physician, ethnographer and author from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was among the first to study and photograph the Kayan people of Borneo and the Wa'ab people on the island of Yap. ==Biography== He was the grandson and namesake of Unitarian theologian William Henry Furness, and the son of Shakespearean scholar Horace Howard Furness. He attended St. Paul's School (Class of 1883), Harvard University (Class of 1888), and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1891. He was one of the medical students portrayed in the Thomas Eakins painting ''The Agnew Clinic''.〔(Key to The Agnew Clinic ) from University of Pennsylvania Archives.〕 Furness made four expeditions to Southeast Asia and Oceania between 1895 and 1901, accompanied by Hiram M. Hiller, Jr. and Alfred C. Harrison, Jr. The trio collected ethnographic, archaeological, and skeletal material, and Furness and Harrison took photographs. These artifacts were among the founding collections of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Furness served as curator of the museum's general ethnology section, 1903-05.〔Furness, Harrison and Hiller expedition records.〕 Zoological specimens – mostly fish and birds – were donated to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.〔Henry W. Fowler, "Some Fishes from Borneo." ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'', vol. 57 (1905).()〕 Duplicate objects were donated to the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University.〔Katz, p. 70.〕 He returned to the South Pacific in 1903, and spent two months among the Wa'ab people on the island of Uap (Yap). He wrote about their use of rai stones – doughnut-shaped limestone discs – as money. As a coral island, Uap had no natural stone, and most of the rai came from Palau, an island some 280 miles (450 k) away. A rai with a diameter of about 1 foot (30.5 cm) was enough to purchase a full-grown pig, but some had diameters as large as 12 feet (3.66 m).〔''The Island of Stone Money''.〕 Rai was a currency that represented genuine labor – it had to be mined and carved on Palau, transported hundreds of miles by outrigger canoe or raft, and on Uap a team of twenty men was required to move the largest ones about. Utilizing a phonograph, Furness recorded Wa'ab speech and native songs, and published the first Uapese-to-English/English-to-Uapese dictionary.〔''The Island of Stone Money''.〕 At home in Wallingford, Pennsylvania, he raised chimpanzees and orangutans, and experimented with teaching them rudimentary human speech:〔(Andrew R. Halloran, ''The Song of the Ape'' (St. Martin's Press, 2012) )〕
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